Usgs geomagnetic field calculator

Calculate Earth magnetic field and secular variation using International Geomagnetic Reference FieldSince R2020bDescriptionThe International Geomagnetic Reference Field block calculates the Earth magnetic field and secular variation using the selected International Geomagnetic Reference Field generation. It calculates the Earth magnetic field and secular variation at a position and time using the selected International Geomagnetic Reference Field generation.LimitationsThis block is valid between the heights of -1000 m and 5.6 Earth radii (35,​717,​567.​2 m). This block is valid for these year ranges:IGRF-13 model — 1900 and 2025IGRF-12 model — 1900 and 2020IGRF-11 model — 1900 and 2015If the decimal year is outside the valid range for a generation,​ the International Geomagnetic Reference Field block linearly extrapolates the magnetic field to the out-of-range decimal year.​For additional limitations, see :IGRF Health Warning, Errors, and LimitationsPortsInputexpand allh — Heightscalar Height, specified as a scalar, in selected units. Data Types: doubleμ (deg) — Latitude scalar Latitude, specified as a scalar in degrees. This block accepts latitude values greater than 90 and less than -90. Data Types: doublel (deg) — Longitude scalar Longitude, specified as a scalar, in degrees. This block accepts ranges greater than 180 and less than -180. Data Types: doubledyear — Desired year scalar Desired year in a decimal format to include any fraction of the year that has already passed. The value is the current year plus the number of days that have passed in this year divided by 365. To calculate the decimal year, dyear, for March 21, 2015: dyear=decyear('21-March-2015','dd-mmm-yyyy') Dependencies To enable this port, select Input decimal year. Data Types: doubleOutputexpand allXYZ — Magnetic fieldvector Magnetic field, returned as a vector, in selected units. The components of this vector are in the north-east-down (NED) reference frame. Data Types: doubleH — Horizontal intensity scalar Horizontal intensity, returned as a scalar, in selected units.

Simple and Easy App to determine various-format coordinates # User-friendly Design #Your current location will automatically appear as the point of intersection of two grey lines, and can also be manually indicated via value-input, location search, and import from clipboard functions as well. # Support of Various Coordinate Formats #Not only the app specifies Longitude / Latitude, but also supports a number of coordinate formats and systems, i.e., Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System (UTM), Military Grid Reference System (MGRS), World Geographic Reference System (Georef), etc. # Datum Conversion #The app is able to transform coordinates within EPSG , ESRI, IAU2000 references from online database, and convert X & Y coordinates, geodetic datums and projected systems.# Tracking and Navigation #Pin your desired location on the map to start navigation. Real-time bearing/distance update and large coordinate readout for on-the-field usage are available. # World Magnetic Model Calculator #The app utilizes World Magnetic Model WMM 2015 and/or WMM 2015v2, and is able to compute geomagnetic-field values: i.e., magnetic declinations, intensity, magnetic grid variation, etc. # Elevation / Altimeter #Elevation/altitude data is accessible within landmass area. # Import / Export - AirDrop supported #- Export current coordinates list.- Import previously-created file to migrate or backup coordinates data between devices.- .gpx file supported# Distance measurement #Distance is measured by pinpointing locations, or drawing lines to create your own route.# Bearing Calculation #Initial bearing and final bearing between coordinates points can be calculated. # PROJ.4 Calculator #Transform point coordinates from one coordinate system to another, including datum transformations using PROJ.4 cartographic projections library.# Apple Watch #Apple Watch support is available, view the coordinates of your current location in various formats.# Supported Input / Output #Latitude and Longitude in Decimal Degrees Latitude and Longitude in Degrees and Decimal MinutesLatitude and Longitude in Degrees, Minutes, and SecondsStandard UTMNATO

The Sun periodically ejects huge bubbles of plasma from its surface that contain an intense magnetic field. These events are called coronal mass ejections, or CMEs. When two of these ejections collide, they can generate powerful geomagnetic storms that can lead to beautiful auroras but may disrupt satellites and GPS back on Earth.On May 10, 2024, people across the Northern Hemisphere got to witness the impact of these solar activities on Earth’s space weather. The northern lights, as seen here from Michigan in May 2024, are caused by geomagnetic storms in the atmosphere. Shirsh Lata Soni Two merging CMEs triggered the largest geomagnetic storm in two decades, which manifested in brightly colored auroras visible across the sky.I’m a solar physicist. My colleagues and I aim to track and better understand colliding CMEs with the goal of improving space weather forecasts. In the modern era, where technological systems are increasingly vulnerable to space weather disruptions, understanding how CMEs interact with each other has never been more crucial. Coronal mass ejectionsCMEs are long and twisted – kind of like ropes – and how often they happen varies with an 11-year cycle. At the solar minimum, researchers observe about one a week, but near the solar maximum, they can observe, on average, two or three per day. During the solar maximum, solar flares and coronal mass ejections are more common. When two or more CMEs interact, they generate massive clouds of charged particles and magnetic fields that may compress, merge or reconnect with each other during the collision. These interactions can amplify the impact of the CMEs on Earth’s magnetic field, sometimes creating geomagnetic storms.Why study interacting CMEs?Nearly one-third of CMEs interact with other CMEs or the solar wind, which is a stream of charged particles released from the outer layer of the

Sun.In my research team’s study, published in May 2024, we found that CMEs that do interact or collide with each other are much more likely to cause a geomagnetic storm – two times more likely than an individual CME. The mix of strong magnetic fields and high pressure in these CME collisions is likely what causes them to generate storms.During solar maxima, when there can be more than 10 CMEs per day, the likelihood of CMEs interacting with each other increases. But researchers aren’t sure whether they become more likely to generate a geomagnetic storm during these periods. Scientists can study interacting CMEs as they move through space and watch them contribute to geomagnetic storms using observations from space- and ground-based observatories.In this study, we looked at three CMEs that interacted with each other as they traveled through space using the space-based observatory STEREO. We validated these observations with three-dimensional simulations.The CME interactions we studied generated a complex magnetic field and a compressed plasma sheath, which is a layer of charged particles that, once they reach the upper atmosphere of Earth from space, interacts with its magnetic field.When this complex structure encountered Earth’s magnetosphere, it compressed the magnetosphere and triggered an intense geomagnetic storm. Four images show three interacting CMEs, based on observations from the STEREO telescope. In images C and D, you can see the northeast flank of CME-1 and CME-2 that interact with the southwest part of CME-3. Shirsh Lata Soni This same process generated the geomagnetic storm from May 2024.Between May 8-9, multiple Earth-directed CMEs erupted from the Sun. When these CMEs merged, they formed a massive, combined structure that arrived at Earth late on May 10, 2024. This structure triggered the extraordinary geomagnetic storm many people observed. People even in parts of the southern U.S. were

Data Types: doubleD — Declination scalar Declination, returned as a scalar, in degrees. Data Types: doublel — Inclination scalar Inclination, returned as a scalar, in degrees. Data Types: doubleF — Total intensity scalar Total intensity, returned as a scalar, in selected units. Data Types: doubleDXDYDZ — Secular variation of magnetic field vector Secular variation of magnetic field, returned as a vector in selected units per year. Dependencies To enable this port, select Output secular variation. Data Types: doubleDH — Secular variation of horizontal intensity scalar Secular variation of horizontal intensity, returned as a scalar, in selected units per year. Dependencies To enable this port, select Output secular variation. Data Types: doubleDD — Secular variation of declination scalar Secular variation of declination, returned as a scalar, in minutes per year. Dependencies To enable this port, select Output secular variation. Data Types: doubleDI — Secular variation of inclination scalar Secular variation of inclination, returned as a scalar, in minutes per year. Dependencies To enable this port, select Output secular variation. Data Types: doubleDF — Secular variation of total intensity scalar Secular variation of total intensity, returned as a scalar, in selected units per year. Dependencies To enable this port, select Output secular variation. Data Types: doubleParametersexpand allGeneration — International Geomagnetic Reference Field generation IGRF-13 (default) | IGRF-11 | IGRF-12 International Geomagnetic Reference Field generation, selected from IGRF-13, IGRF-12, or IGRF-11. Programmatic Use Block Parameter: generationType: character vectorValues: 'IGRF-13' | 'IGRF-11' | 'IGRF-12'Default: 'IGRF-13' Data Types: char | stringUnits — Units Metric (MKS) (default) | English Parameter and output units, specified as: UnitsHeightMetric (MKS)MetersEnglishFeet Programmatic Use Block Parameter: unitsType: character vectorValues: 'Metric (MKS)' | 'English'Default: 'Metric (MKS)' Input decimal year — Desired year on (default) | off To specify the decimal year with an input port, select this check box. To specify the

DX ToolBox overviewDX Toolbox searches the Web for you, gathering information on solar and geomagnetic conditions that affect radio propagation. It displays in real-time the following important readings: Solar Flux A-Index K-Index Solar Flux Sun Spot Number X-Ray Flux levels X-Ray flares Solar Wind Earth's Magnetic Field Proton and Electron Flux levels Radio Blackout conditions Geomagnetic Storm conditions Solar Radiation Storm conditions What’s new in version 5.0.0Version 5.0.0:Note: version 5.x is a paid upgrade. To upgrade, go here.Added NDB log, and log map windows.Added search window for logbook.Added SWBC logbook.Added SWBC reminders window.Added other transmissions with the same frequency/station/language/country/target window.Write your thoughts in our old-fashioned commentMacUpdate Comment Policy. We strongly recommend leaving comments, however comments with abusive words, bullying, personal attacks of any type will be moderated.Email me when someone replies to this comment(2 Reviews of DX ToolBox)CommentsUser RatingsJan 14 2012Version: 3.9.05 stars given. Just to counter the low rating below. OZ2IRO.**N8NOE**Jan 14 20123.9.0Jan 14 2012Version: 3.9.0Nice Software, But $25 Every-time you Update!...There are FREE packages out, I still DO run a REALLY old Version now of DX Toolbox, but I'll Not pay again for this one..